What Is Endometrial Biopsy?
Endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect a small sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). The sample is then examined under a microscope to evaluate the health of the uterine lining and detect abnormalities.


When Is This Procedure Needed?
Endometrial biopsy may be recommended for:

  • Investigating abnormal uterine bleeding.
  • Checking for endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth of the uterine lining).
  • Diagnosing endometrial cancer or precancerous changes.
  • Evaluating infertility by assessing the endometrium’s receptivity.
  • Monitoring the effects of hormonal therapy.

Procedure Overview

  1. Preparation – Usually performed in the doctor’s office without anesthesia (some patients may take a pain reliever beforehand).
  2. Speculum Insertion – A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
  3. Cervical Entry – A thin, flexible tube (pipelle) is gently inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity.
  4. Tissue Collection – Suction is applied to collect a small sample of endometrial tissue.
  5. Sample Analysis – The sample is sent to a pathology lab for microscopic evaluation.

Benefits

  • Quick and relatively simple office procedure.
  • Provides important diagnostic information about the uterine lining.
  • No need for surgical incision or general anesthesia.

Risks & Considerations

  • Cramping or mild discomfort during the procedure.
  • Light vaginal bleeding or spotting afterward.
  • Rare risk of infection or uterine perforation.
  • Not recommended during pregnancy or with untreated pelvic infection.