What is Hysterosalpingography?
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a specialized X-ray procedure used to evaluate the shape of the uterine cavity and check whether the fallopian tubes are open or blocked. During the procedure, a contrast dye is gently introduced into the uterus and fallopian tubes, and X-ray images are taken to visualize the internal structures.
Key Features
- Purpose: Detects uterine abnormalities and assesses tubal patency.
- Imaging Method: Uses fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray) with contrast dye.
- Duration: Usually completed within 15–30 minutes.
- Timing: Performed after menstruation but before ovulation (typically cycle days 7–12).
Common Reasons to Perform HSG
- Unexplained infertility.
- Suspected blocked fallopian tubes.
- Evaluation after pelvic infection or tubal surgery.
- Investigation after recurrent miscarriage.
- Screening before assisted reproductive treatments such as IUI or IVF.
Procedure Steps
- Preparation – Patient lies on an X-ray table; a speculum is inserted.
- Contrast Injection – A thin catheter is placed into the cervix and contrast dye is injected.
- Imaging – X-ray images are taken to visualize the uterus and tubes.
- Assessment – The doctor evaluates uterine shape and tube patency.
- Completion – The dye flows out naturally; no special removal is needed.
Possible Sensations & Risks
- Mild to moderate cramping during dye injection.
- Light vaginal spotting for 1–2 days.
- Rarely, allergic reaction to dye or pelvic infection.
Advantages
- Provides both structural and functional assessment.
- Minimally invasive compared to surgical exploration.
- Can sometimes open minor tubal blockages during the test.
Prevention / Preparation Tips
- Take pain relief medication 30–60 minutes before the procedure to reduce discomfort.
- Inform your doctor if you might be pregnant or have pelvic infection.
- Schedule the test in the first half of your menstrual cycle to avoid disturbing an early pregnancy.