What It Is Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is a laboratory test used to evaluate a man’s fertility potential by examining the quantity and quality of sperm in the ejaculate. It provides key information about sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), and other semen characteristics.

Purpose

  • Assess male fertility status
  • Identify possible causes of infertility
  • Monitor improvement after treatment for male reproductive issues
  • Guide treatment decisions for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as IUI or IVF

What It Evaluates

  • Semen volume and pH ;
  • Sperm concentration ;
  • Sperm morphology (size, shape and appearance) ;
  • Sperm motility (movement) ;
  • Debris found in sperm;
  • Leukocyte count (white blood cells that could signify infection or other problems);
  • Immature germ cells (non-sperm round cells that may be found in semen).

Common reasons

  • Genetics
  • Sexual Transmitted Disease
  • General Healthy Issue
  • Past surgeries

Procedure

  1. Patient produces a semen sample through masturbation, usually after 2–5 days of sexual abstinence.
  2. The sample is collected in a sterile container and delivered to the laboratory promptly.
  3. A trained lab technician examines the sample under a microscope and uses specialized equipment to record key measurements.

Preparation Tips

  • Avoid ejaculation for 2–5 days before the test for optimal results.
  • Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and certain medications that may affect sperm quality.
  • Inform the doctor of any current illnesses or fever, as these may temporarily impact sperm production.

Possible Next Steps

  • If abnormalities are detected, additional testing may be recommended (e.g., hormonal tests, genetic testing, ultrasound).
  • Depending on results, treatments may include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or ART procedures.