What Is Scrotal Ultrasound

Scrotal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of the scrotum and its contents, including the testes, epididymis, and surrounding tissues. It is painless and does not use radiation.

Purpose

  • Evaluate causes of male infertility, such as varicocele or testicular masses
  • Detect testicular injuries, tumors, or cysts
  • Assess swelling, pain, or inflammation in the scrotum
  • Investigate structural abnormalities that may affect sperm production or transport

What It Evaluates

  • Testicular size and structure – Helps assess sperm production capacity
  • Presence of varicoceles – Enlarged veins that can impact sperm quality
  • Cysts or tumors – Detect benign or malignant growths
  • Signs of infection or inflammation – Such as epididymitis or orchitis
  • Fluid accumulation – Hydrocele or hematocele

Procedure

  1. The patient lies on their back, and the scrotum is supported with a towel.
  2. A clear gel is applied to the scrotal skin to help sound waves travel.
  3. A transducer (ultrasound probe) is gently moved over the scrotum to capture real-time images.
  4. The scan usually takes about 15–30 minutes and is completely painless.

Preparation Tips

  • No special preparation is required.
  • Wear loose, comfortable clothing for the appointment.

Possible Next Steps

For varicoceles, surgical repair or embolization may be considered to improve fertility outcomes.

If abnormalities are found, your doctor may recommend further tests, such as hormone analysis, semen testing, or surgical evaluation.