What Is Fibroids (Myomas)
Fibroids, also known as myomas or uterine leiomyomas, are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that grow in or on the uterus. They are composed of muscle tissue and fibrous connective tissue, and can vary greatly in size — from small, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort the uterus.
Key Features
- Non-cancerous growths in the uterus
- Can be single or multiple
- Classified based on location:
- Submucosal fibroids – grow into the uterine cavity
- Intramural fibroids – grow within the uterine wall
- Subserosal fibroids – grow on the outer surface of the uterus
Symptoms
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination due to bladder compression
- Constipation or back pain
- Enlarged or distorted uterus
- Infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss in some cases
How It Affects Fertility
Fibroids can interfere with conception and pregnancy by:
- Distorting the uterine cavity and affecting embryo implantation
- Blocking fallopian tubes
- Increasing the risk of miscarriage or preterm birth
Diagnosis
- Pelvic examination to detect enlarged uterus
- Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound for imaging
- MRI for detailed size and location mapping
- Hysteroscopy for direct visualization of submucosal fibroids
Treatment Options
- Medication to control symptoms and shrink fibroids (e.g., hormonal therapy)
- Minimally invasive procedures such as hysteroscopic myomectomy or laparoscopic surgery
- Open surgery (myomectomy) for large or multiple fibroids
- Uterine artery embolization (UAE) to block blood flow to fibroids (not recommended for women planning pregnancy)
Prevention
There is no guaranteed way to prevent fibroids, but regular gynecologic check-ups and early treatment can minimize their impact on fertility and quality of life.