What Is Gestational Surrogacy?

Gestational surrogacy is a reproductive arrangement in which a gestational carrier (surrogate) carries a pregnancy for intended parents. The embryo is created through in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the intended mother’s eggs and father’s sperm—or donor eggs/sperm—and transferred to the surrogate’s uterus.
Unlike traditional surrogacy, the gestational carrier has no genetic link to the baby.

Who May Benefit From Gestational Surrogacy?

Gestational surrogacy may be recommended for:

  • Individuals or couples unable to carry a pregnancy due to medical conditions (e.g., absence of uterus, severe uterine abnormalities)
  • Women with medical risks that make pregnancy unsafe (e.g., severe heart disease, kidney disease)
  • Couples with repeated implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss despite IVF
  • Same-sex male couples or single men wishing to have a biological child
  • Women who have had a hysterectomy or other surgery preventing pregnancy

The Gestational Surrogacy Process

  1. Consultation & Planning
    • Assess medical history, determine if gestational surrogacy is the best option
    • Discuss legal requirements and costs
  2. Matching With a Surrogate
    • Partner with a surrogacy agency or select a surrogate personally
    • Ensure surrogate meets medical and psychological screening requirements
  3. IVF & Embryo Creation
    • Use intended parents’ eggs/sperm or donor gametes
    • Create embryos in the lab
  4. Embryo Transfer
    • Transfer one or more embryos into the surrogate’s uterus
    • Monitor for pregnancy confirmation
  5. Pregnancy & Monitoring
    • Surrogate attends all prenatal visits
    • Intended parents may participate in medical milestones
  6. Birth & Legal Finalization
    • Legal steps to establish intended parents’ rights
    • Baby goes home with intended parents

Important Considerations

  • Legal Requirements: Laws vary by country and state; contracts must clearly define rights, responsibilities, and compensation.
  • Medical Safety: Surrogate must meet strict medical and psychological health criteria.
  • Ethical & Emotional Factors: All parties should receive counseling before proceeding.
  • Financial Planning: Costs typically include agency fees, medical expenses, legal fees, and surrogate compensation.

Common Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Does the surrogate have any genetic connection to the baby?
No. The embryo is created from the intended parents’ or donors’ eggs and sperm, not the surrogate’s eggs.

Q2: How long does the surrogacy process take?
On average, 12–18 months from starting the search for a surrogate to the baby’s birth.

Q3: Can the surrogate be a family member or friend?
Yes, if both parties agree and meet medical and legal requirements.

Q4: Can intended parents be present at the birth?
In most cases, yes—with prior arrangements at the hospital.

Q5: How many embryos are transferred?
Usually one embryo to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies, unless otherwise medically advised.